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Romania's lottery was the first example of legalized gambling in the country. Still, the region's inclusion in the Soviet Union in the mid to late 20th century banned gambling. In preparation for becoming a member state of the EU, Romania put a lot of effort into permitting all forms of gambling in the country. Read on for more about Romania's gambling laws.

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Thanks to Romania's eagerness to join the EU, all forms of gambling are legal. Offline gambling has been legal in Romania since around 1906, with a period of prohibition mid-century due to the country's membership in the Soviet Union.

Online gambling was a little slower to get off the ground. Still, again, due to the country's desire to become an active member of the EU, the government made efforts to legislate for the activity officially. However, their National Gambling Office regulatory body wasn't set up until 2013.

Even then, the EU had objections, particularly the requirement that licensees have their offices and servers in the country and pay questionable tax rates. Still, some 25 or more properly licensed operators provide Romanians access to online gambling activities. At the same time, the government is taking steps to block around 1,300 unlicensed online operators from reaching the Romanian population. Let's check out the legalities of the various gambling activities by type.

Casino Games

Regarding land-based casinos, which have been legally allowed to operate since 1991, Romania currently has just 5, the lowest per capita in Europe. Many middle to high-class individuals visit these casinos. At the same time, at the other end of the scale, various slot parlours and halls attract people from poorer communities, leading to a lot of gambling addiction since this segment of the population has less of a buffer against gambling losses.

Online casino gaming has been legal in the country since 2010, but only at one of the Class 2 licence-holder sites approved by the National Gambling Office, which was formed in 2013. Unlicensed operators are actively blocked by the Romanian government and prohibited from applying for a licence in the future.

Players can theoretically be fined for using online gambling sites, but this isn't easy to enforce. As such, Romanians tend to find it easy to play online casino slots, table games and live dealer games at the numerous foreign sites that accept players from the country.

Poker

Poker is another gambling activity that enjoys a legal status in Romania, with several, though not many, poker halls scattered throughout some of the country's big cities and most of the land-based casinos, including a poker room. Some popular poker tournaments are often hosted in Romania, such as the Romanian Poker Championship and PokerFest. Online poker is also very popular in Romania, with players able to access various games via the various licensed online poker sites permitted to operate there.

Bingo

Also legal in Romania, bingo is popular with the older generations, with numerous bingo halls nationwide and some casinos offering bingo games. Online bingo, on the other hand, is pretty much nonexistent in Romania because there is little when it comes to any perceived market for the game. The country's lottery doesn't run any bingo games, although some games are similar.

For those interested in online bingo gambling, several foreign online bingo sites allow Romanians to sign up and play. However, the country's government is taking measures to prevent these sites from operating in Romania.

Lotteries

Loteria Romana is Romania's singular offline lottery operator, making it a monopoly. Unusually, although the operator has a website, up until very recently, it didn't allow the purchase of lottery tickets online. However, this changed in late 2020 when the government announced its plans to digitize the country's lottery, allowing players to buy tickets online.

The result extends the Loteria Romana monopoly to the online space. However, many Romanians can also play real money lottery games online at the various offshore lottery casino sites not currently blocked by the country.

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Gaming that borders on the cusp of being classed as gambling, such as games featuring loot boxes, aren't specified in Romania's current laws and are, therefore, legal by default.

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Both offline and online sports betting are legal in Romania. Numerous sports betting shops throughout the country are unrelated to Romania's lottery monopoly, as is often the case in other countries.

Several online sports betting sites are licensed to operate in Romania. Unlicensed sites are actively prevented from providing their services in the country via ISP blocks, with players warned they face fines for gambling at such sites, though this doesn't happen in practice.

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The legal gambling age in Romania is 18, which means anyone under this age is prohibited from entering casinos and participating in any form of offline or online gambling.

Tax Regulation

Romania's gambling tax regulation laws lay out a variety of fees that operators must pay to provide their services in the country. Casinos and slot halls must pay a fixed fee per table or machine, land-based venues are taxed based on entrants, and sports betting and online gambling sites are charged 16% of total revenue. On the beneficial side, gambling is VAT-exempt in Romania.

For players, winnings from gambling are taxed at a progressive rate based on the amount won, with 1% charged on winnings up to €13,500, 16% on winnings from €13,500 up to €90,000, and 25% on winnings above €90,000.

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The earliest form of gambling legislated in Romania was for the Loteria Romana in 1906, but gambling in the country experienced a tumultuous journey through the rest of the 20th century. Due to Romania's inclusion in the Soviet Union and falling under communist control from 1948 to 1989, gambling during that time was banned.

The country's government began pumping money into the gambling industry in 2003 to make the region more attractive to its EU neighbours and generate some much-needed revenue. In 2007, Romania earned its status as a member of the EU.

2009 saw the country's gambling legislation put into place under the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 77/2009 on the Organisation and Operation of Gambling Activities.

The problem with the new law was that while gambling was legal in the country, it was only allowed under licence by a regulatory body that didn't yet exist. The law was amended and modernized in 2013 to form the new regulatory body, the National Gambling Office, which was then able to issue licences. In 2020, Romania's lottery operator, Loteria Romana, started offering people the opportunity to buy lottery tickets online via their website.

Key Facts

Gambling in Romania is largely legal. The country has some of the most lenient laws in the world regarding gambling. The only form of gambling not legal in the country are those activities carried out on unlicensed premises or online sites. The government of Romania is taking steps to prevent unlicensed online operators from providing their services in the country via ISP blocks.

Playing slots, table games, online live casino games, poker, bingo, lottery and betting on sports are all perfectly legal in Romania.