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Slovakia's gambling laws have been subject to a fair amount of change in recent years since relatively recent legislation gave each region of the country the power to ban gambling as they see fit. As a result, Bratislava, the country's capital, is one such region that has banned gambling. Read on to learn more about Slovakia's gambling laws.

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The latest pieces of legislation about gambling are Act 30 on Gambling Games from 2019, which addresses online gambling, and the Slovak Gambling Act of 2020, which covers all other forms of gambling. Generally speaking, most forms of gambling are legal in Slovakia, but there are a few exceptions and monopoly situations. Here's a look at the gambling laws in Slovakia as they apply to each type of activity.

Casino Games

Casino gambling is legal in Slovakia and has been since 1993. However, this gambling activity in the region was legal five years before the country was still part of Czechoslovakia. Operators are required to obtain a licence from Slovakia's Office for the Regulation of Gambling Games (Úrad pre reguláciu hazardných hier).

There are currently 13 licensed casinos and 50+ slot halls running in Slovakia. Recently, the government has made a concerted effort to crack down on problematic gambling behaviour by implementing strict controls on slot halls. Also, since the law allows the different regions in the country to determine their gambling laws, many of them have banned slot halls and casinos outright, the most notable being the capital city region of Bratislava.

Online casino gambling has been legal in Slovakia since 2019, making the activity a recent addition to the country's legislation. Before the law was amended to include private companies, the country's lottery company, TIPOS, had monopoly control of online gambling. Even though private companies can now obtain a licence to operate in the country, few actually do due to the high costs. Slovaks prefer the wider range of online casino slots and other casino games offered by foreign sites, but many of these sites are blocked by the country's ISPs.

Poker

Poker gambling has been legal in Slovakia since 1993, but the capital's crackdown on gambling affected this activity, too. Before the ban, most poker games occurred in the capital's casinos, with a few standalone poker clubs operating in the region. The ban decimated the poker gambling industry, with few casinos and poker clubs operating outside Bratislava. Video poker machines do exist in casinos and slot halls, but these are heavily regulated.

Online poker gambling is legal in Slovakia and has been since 2019. Operators are required to hold a licence, but due to high costs, few companies obtain one. Slovakia's internet service providers block unlicensed poker sites.

Bingo

Like other forms of gambling, bingo has been legal in Slovakia since 1993. However, a distinction is made between traditional bingo that's played in bingo halls and what the country refers to as 'special bingo,' which is a centrally controlled, mass media broadcast (e.g. televised, via the internet, etc.) lottery-type game, with the latter offered solely by Slovakia's lottery company, TIPOS. Operators must hold a licence to offer their bingo services to the public, with games held in the country's casinos or bingo halls. The game isn't very popular in Slovakia, so few venues offer it.

Online bingo gambling has been legal in Slovakia since 2005, but since it is classed as 'special bingo,' it comes under the monopoly of the country's lottery company, TIPOS.

Lotteries

Lottery gambling is legal in Slovakia and has been since 1993. Only one company is permitted to offer lottery games in Slovakia, which is TIPOS, which the country's Finance Ministry owns. Some small charitable lotteries can obtain special permission to operate, but this is the only exception. TIPOS offers a variety of lottery games, keno games and scratch cards via their outlets.

Online lottery gambling is legal in Slovakia and has been since 2005, but this activity also falls under the monopoly of TIPOS. Those wishing to play online lottery games for real money can do so via TIPOS' website.

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While the current legislation does not specifically mention social casinos and skins gambling, loot boxes are, with these, classed as a form of gambling. However, no action has yet been taken against the various game companies that offer them.

Regarding cryptocurrencies, Slovakia does recognize Bitcoin as a means of exchange. Still, none of the country's casinos, slots halls, bookmakers, or Slovakia's lottery companies accept Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. Slovaks can play casino games using virtual currencies at one of the few licensed crypto casinos that serve the country.

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Sports betting has been legal in Slovakia since 1993. Bookmakers must obtain a licence to operate in the country. There are numerous betting shops on Slovakia's high streets, including TIPOS, which also offers some sports betting markets. Horse racing betting is the only exception, with markets on such events only permitted by Závodisko.

Online sports betting is also legal in Slovakia, with the activity the only form of online gambling permitted before the 2019 amendment, as far back as 2005. Operators must hold a licence to offer online sports betting to Slovaks.

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Only those aged 18 or over are legally permitted to gamble in Slovakia. Some regions of the country, such as Bratislava, have made gambling illegal.

Tax Regulation

Slovakia's gambling tax regulation sets different rates depending on the gambling activity. The rates can be as low as 1% for horse racing betting, 4% for special bingo and 4.5% for bingo, ranging up to 22% for casino gambling, sports betting and online gambling, and even 27% for gambling machines. The country has been criticized for its high gambling taxes, with many operators refusing to obtain a licence. Players in Slovakia can enjoy their winnings tax-free.

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Before 1989, when Slovakia was still part of Czechoslovakia, which was under the rule of the USSR, gambling was entirely illegal in the region. However, Czechoslovakia made all forms of gambling legal in 1989 after the USSR fell.

Slovakia's efforts in the gambling industry progressed in 1990 with the formation of Casinos Slovakia, the largest casino company in the country, and the opening of the first two casinos in 1991. Slovakia gained its independence in 1993 and kept existing laws regarding the legality of gambling. Bratislava's Casino Café Reduta opened the following year.

Some forms of online gambling were legalized in 2005, with amendments made in 2019 making just about all forms of online gambling legal in the country. In 2017, Bratislava banned all forms of gambling in the capital, a move that was overturned the following year. In 2020, further amendments were made to the Slovak Gambling Act, allowing the country's regions to ban gambling, and Bratislava once again moved to ban gambling in the city.

Key Facts

Slovakia's gambling laws are pretty permissive, with a few exceptions. Here's a look at the key points regarding gambling in the country:

• Casino gambling is legal in Slovakia, except in Bratislava and other regions where it is banned.
• Online casino gambling is legal, including at online live casinos, but few operators obtain a licence due to high costs.
• Poker gambling is legal in the country but banned in some regions, including Bratislava.
• Land-based bingo gambling is legal, with traditional games offered by several companies and 'special bingo' (i.e. media broadcast) games the monopoly of TIPOS.
• Online bingo is legal but a monopoly controlled by TIPOS.
• Sports betting is legal, with numerous licensed companies operating in the country, plus TIPOS, with a horse racing betting monopoly controlled by Závodisko.
• Online sports betting is also legal in Slovakia.